Missed cases of ‘pulled elbow’– A retrospective study of 28 cases managed at a tertiary care centre in Uttarakhand
Abstract
Introduction: The ‘pulled elbow’ is fairly common injury seen at primary care level. This injury has characteristic history, clinical presentation and imaging features. Many often the injury is missed and neglected for days and picked up later at further consultation. The missing of these injuries might be a result of gaps in our core knowledge and clinic-radiological assessment.
Method: We hereby evaluate a data of 28 cases with missed pulled elbow injuries that were treated in our institute. Various aspects of first opinions and reason for delay are described for comprehensive knowledge of gaps in the treatment.
Result: The strengthening of practical knowledge regarding this simple injury is recommended in order to diagnose and treat them in first place and avoid agony of child and parents. Lack of knowledge regarding proper assessment of elbow by clinical and radiological methods has been found to be a major cause for missed injuries.
Conclusion: The knowledge of factors responsible for delayed or missed diagnosis at initial consultation is necessary for remedial measures for its appropriate management at primary level and decrease healthcare burden at tertiary level care.
Downloads
References
2. Jongschaap HC, Youngson GG, Beattie TF. The epidemiology of radial head subluxation ('pulled elbow') in the Aberdeen city area. Health Bull (Edinb). 1990 Mar;48(2):58-61. [PubMed]
3. Illingworth CM. Pulled elbow: a study of 100 patients. Br Med J. 1975 Jun 21;2(5972):672-4. [PubMed]
4. Stans AA, Lawrence TR. Dislocations of the elbows, medial epicondylar humerus fractures. In: Flynn JM, Skaggs DL, Waters PM Editors. Rockwood and Wilkins’ Fractures in Children. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2015:651-700.
5. Salter RB, Zaltz C. Anatomic investigations of the mechanism of injury and pathologic anatomy of "pulled elbow" in young children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1971;77:134-43.
6. Schunk JE. Radial head subluxation: epidemiology and treatment of 87 episodes. Ann Emerg Med. 1990 Sep;19(9):1019-23. [PubMed]
7. Sacchetti A, Ramoska EE, Glascow C. Nonclassic history in children with radial head subluxations. J Emerg Med. 1990 Mar-Apr;8(2):151-3. [PubMed]
8. Quan L, Marcuse EK. The epidemiology and treatment of radial head subluxation. Am J Dis Child. 1985 Dec;139(12):1194-7.
9. Triantafyllou SJ, Wilson SC, Rychak JS. Irreducible "pulled elbow" in a child. A case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992 Nov;(284):153-5. [PubMed]
10. Snyder HS. Radiographic changes with radial head subluxation in children. J Emerg Med. 1990 May-Jun;8(3):265-9. [PubMed]
11. Frumkin K. Nursemaid's elbow: a radiographic demonstration. Ann Emerg Med. 1985 Jul;14(7):690-3. [PubMed]
12. Kosuwon W, Mahaisavariya B, Saengnipanthkul S, Laupattarakasem W, Jirawipoolwon P. Ultrasonography of pulled elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993 May;75(3):421-2. [PubMed]
13. SNELLMAN O. Subluxation of the head of the radius in children. Acta Orthop Scand. 1959;28:311-5. [PubMed]
14. Macias CG, Bothner J, Wiebe R. A comparison of supination/flexion to hyperpronation in the reduction of radial head subluxations. Pediatrics. 1998 Jul;102(1):e10. [PubMed]
15. Bek D, Yildiz C, Köse O, Sehirlioğlu A, Başbozkurt M. Pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of 'pulled elbow': a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2009 Jun;16(3):135-8. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32831d796a. [PubMed]
16. Taha AM. The treatment of pulled elbow: a prospective randomized study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2000;120(5-6):336-7. [PubMed]
17. Corella F, Horna L, Villa A, González JL, Soleto J. Irreducible 'pulled elbow' report of two cases and review of the literature. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2010 Jul;19(4):304-6. [PubMed]
Copyright (c) 2015 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.